The relations of Pakistan and India on most fronts, from diplomatic ties to cultural projects, have moved from inward and outward (then) again from the partition. Bilateral agreements have not been the exception.
After a deadly attack on the pahalgama of Cashmiro occupied on April 22, New Delhi, while pointing to Pakistan’s finger without proof, suspended the Water Treaty of the Indian-Pakistan Indo Treaty with immediate effect along with other measures.
In retaliation, in his best security agency meeting today, Pakistan decided that he would exercise the right to maintain all bilateral agreements with India, including, among others, the Simla Agreement, in suspense. He also announced the closure of the border with Wagah and the suspension of all trade with New Delhi, among other measures.
The full text of the statement can be read here.
Here, Dawn.com General description The main treaties and agreements between India and Pakistan since 1947 and its status.
The Nehru-Liaquat agreement
The agreement was reached between the then Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and Liaquat Ali Khan of Pakistan during a meeting in New Delhi in April 1950. He declared that the neighbors and their governments would protect the interests of minorities in their respective countries.
Both governments would also be responsible for each other on the issue of the protection of minority rights, the agreement declared. The PACT provisions also included freedom of movement, not discrimination in employment and the formation of a minority commission to supervise its implementation.
The pact was signed after partition when community violence was widespread in both countries.
INDO WATER TREATY
Signed on September 19, 1960, the treaty was negotiated by the World Bank. The rights and obligations of neighboring countries were set and delimited with respect to the use of the Indo River waters. It was signed by Nehru and former President Ayub Khan after six years of conversations.
The Treaty gave the water of the Western rivers – Indus, Jhelum and Chenab – to Pakistan and that of the Eastern rivers – Ravi, Beas and Setlej – to India. It also provided the financing and construction of dams, link channels, barriers and subway wells, that is, the Tarbela and Mangla dams. The treaty also required the creation of a permanent commission of the Indo, led by a commissioner of each country.
Numerous disputes resolved peacefully over the years through the permanent commission of the Indo. The treaty was in force for almost 65 years before it was suspended last night.
As analysts highlighted, this could have long -range implications for Pakistan.
Simla agreement
The agreement was signed between Pakistan and India after the 1970 War; The signatories are Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and Indira Gandhi. The agreement, among other things, stipulated that none of the parties would take any action unilaterally, that the disputes between the two countries would be resolved bilaterally and that the high fire line would become the control line (LOC).
In relation to Kashmir, he declared that “the basic problems and the causes of conflict that have affected the relations between the two countries during the last 25 years will be resolved by peaceful means.” He also forced both countries to discuss the modalities and arrangements for peace and lasting normalization.
However, Pakistan argues that India violated Simla’s agreement in 2019 when he unilaterally revoked article 370, altering the state of Jammu and Kashmir occupied by India. This allowed strangers to obtain a home and a buymoese purchase property to change the demography of the Muslim majority of the Valley, again called violation of the agreement.
“Modi’s government has now gone a step further. It rejects the idea of conversations. If it is taken to the table, it will not discuss the background part by its side of the control line. This explains the cancellation of the cancellation of the foreign secretaries in 2014 on the small lands. By the law of the law of the law, writing its nose in the union, seeks the closure of the discrete. Law, “he wrote the law,” he wrote the law, “he wrote no, that he is not at the close of the discreet,” he wrote no, “writes no,” writes no. to Sunrise OP-E in 2019.
Protocol of visits to religious sanctuaries
The protocol, a bilateral agreement, was signed in 1974. It is intended to facilitate the visits of religious pilgrims of India and Pakistan to the sanctuaries located in the respective countries. As of 2018, the agreement covers 15 locations of this type in Pakistan and five in India.
Shadani Darbar in Hyat Pitafi of Sindh, Katasraj Dham in Chakwal, Gurudwaras de Nankana Sahib and Gurudwara Panja Sahib are among the sites on this side of the fence. In India, Ajmer Sharif Dargah, Nizamuddin Dargah and Amir Khusro’s tomb are the most visited sanctuaries.
According to the protocol, up to 3,000 Sij pilgrims can visit Pakistan for any religious festival. However, the Government issued a total of 6,751 visas this year, a record number. Earlier this year, India issued visas to only 100 Pakistani pilgrims for Hazrat Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti in Ajmer Sharif, significantly below the 500 assigned fee.
Agreement on the prohibition of attacks on nuclear facilities and facilities
The agreement was signed between Pakistan and India on December 31, 1988. Ti, among other things, provided that both countries inform each other of their nuclear facilities and facilities within their definitions, on January 1 of each calendar year.
The treaty also declared that both countries should refrain from undertaking, encouraging or participating directly or indirectly, in an action aimed at causing destruction or damage to any nuclear installation or installation in the other country.
According to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the agreements entered into force on January 27, 1991, and the neighbors have been exchanging ready every year since 1992. As stipulated in the agreement, this year also India and Pakistan exchanged lists of nuclear facilities, as well as civil prisoners, including fishermen, on January 1 of this year.
Agreement on Air Space Violation Prevention
The agreement was signed between Pakistan and India on April 6, 1991 in New Delhi. Its objective was to reduce the risk of accidental or involuntary violations of the airspace between neighboring countries and the established rules so that military aircraft avoid flying less than 10 kilometers from the airspace of others, including the Air Defense Identification Zone, a defined area of the airspace where a country requires that aircraft identify for national security purposes.
He also declared that no plane from any of the countries could enter the airspace of the other on territorial waters without prior permission.
This agreement has been largely respected despite occasional violations. In response to the aggressive measures of India after Pahalgam’s attack, Pakistan announced today that he was closing his airspace with immediate effect for all Indian property airlines or operated by India.
Lahore’s statement
The statement was signed by former Indian Prime Minister Vajpayee and his counterpart Nawaz Sharif during the first visit to Pakistan in February 1999.
In the agreement, India and Pakistan acknowledged that “an environment of peace and security is of supreme national interest of both parties and that the resolution of all pending issues, including Jammu and Kashmira, is essential for this purpose.” They also agreed to “intensify their efforts to solve all problems, including the problem of Jammu and Kashmir” through an accelerated process of their “composite and integrated dialogue.”
The two parties anticipated the complexity of the new responsibility they carried after being “declared nuclear weapons” and decided to “participate in regular bilateral consultations about their respective concepts of security and nuclear doctrines in order to develop measures for the construction of confidence in the nuclear and conventional fields aimed at avoiding conflicts.”
They also agreed to provide us with early information regarding the Balistic missile flight tests and promised to conclude an agreement in this regard.
The process was interrupted by the Kargil crisis and resumed in 2004 when the two countries formed groups of experts to discuss conventional and construction of nuclear confidence. However, as highlighted by former Foreign Secretary Aizaz Ahmed Chaudhry, in an opinion article for SunriseNeither Pakistan nor India created a mechanism to review the implementation of the agreement.
Agreement on the prior notification of Balistic missile flight tests
The pact was signed between India and Pakistan in 2005. He declared that both countries should provide the other an early notification, no less than a period of three days, of the flight test they intended to undertake, of any ballistic missile from surface to surface, from ground to surface.
“Each part will ensure that the test sites (s) do not fall within 40 km, and the planned impact area does not fall within 75 km, of international limits or the control line on the side of the party that plans to test the ballistic missile,” he said.
The agreement remains operational. However, last year, Pakistan accused India of not fully fulfilling the agreement when India made her first successful test flight of a national missile developed at the national level capable of transporting multiple eyelets.
Agreement on the risk reduction of accidents related to nuclear weapons
The agreement on nuclear accidents entered into force on February 21, 2007, for an initial period of five years.
According to the pact, both countries promised to improve the security of their nuclear arsenal; Inform each other of any nuclear accident and take measures to minimize the radiological consequences of such an accident. In addition, each of the two countries, in case of a nuclear accident, is obliged to take measures to prevent their actions from being misunderstood by the other.
In 2012 and 2017, the agreement extended for five years each.
Cessation Cessation Agreement
In November 2003, Pakistan and India agreed to high fire along the control line and the work limit. The LOC is a de facto border that divides the disputed Kashmir Valley between the two countries, and the work limit, which separates the two neighbors.
The agreement remained for some years, but regular violations were reported since 2008. Meanwhile, an acute peak in the rapes of the truce was witnessed after 2014 when Prime Minister Narendra Modi came to power in India.
In 2021, both countries pledged to the agreement. According to a statement issued by Pakistan, the two parties had agreed to revive the existing mechanisms (contact line and flag meetings) to deal with “any unforeseen or misunderstanding situation.”
